Motivation College Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Inspiration College - Essay Example Simultaneously, individuals speak to the most elevated single cost figure, they additionally are viewed as the most erratic, hard to control, and they are by a long shot the one basic factor that not a lot should be possible about. A great part of the business have turned its energies to illuminating progressively specialized issues and has gotten some distance from managing human factors as the essential key to improving benefit. (Gerry, 45-57) Inspiration is the key factor in affecting people to work better, so an expansion in inspiration will bring about higher profitability and more benefit, which is a definitive objective of the development business. Understanding and knowing about inspiration speculations can assist with making a persuasive air, and utilization of these hypotheses can bring about accomplishing higher profitability. The authority style of a director impacts the inspiration of laborers. Development is as yet considered as an extreme folks business. Most development directors and bosses consider a law based initiative style as a shortcoming. In any case, research has demonstrated that just directors have accomplished better and preferable outcomes over some other authority style. (Iain, 78-85) Inspiration is characterized as, an individual's dynamic interest in and promise to accomplishing the recommended outcomes. (Gerry, 45-57) The idea of inspiration is to some degree dynamic, various procedures produce diverse outcome at various occasions, and there is no single technique can create ensured great outcomes constantly. One of the troubles in rousing specialists is that they all are unique and respond diversely to a similar sort of progress or activity. Numerous inspiration specialists concurred that administrators can make a positive persuasive environment that can help in propelling laborers for higher efficiency, however they will probably not spur everybody, since everybody is roused by various things. Most organizations are investigating approaches to improve proficiency, profitability, and quality. The inquiry is the manner by which to make laborers work all the more gainfully This is an issue of basic significance to any administrator. The response to this inquiry is both unpredictable and ambiguous. Flannes and Levin (2001) clarified it by saying, the venture chief should adequately and serenely wear a wide range of caps when driving an undertaking. (Levin, 2001) A development supervisor's responsibility is to complete work by the workforce. The development chief's initiative style has a noteworthy job in workforce inspiration. Specialists have distinguished the significant initiative styles as, free enterprise, popularity based, and absolutist. As indicated by conduct researchers, the vote based administration style has accomplished higher efficiency and viability. Idea of Motivation Ideas of inspiration are fairly dynamic. To examine factors that impact inspiration, five inspiration speculations will be talked about in detail in this paper. Figure 1 shows an applied model of inspiration. (Gerry, 45-57) At point An, an individual has needs and attempts to satisfy those requirements. At point B, the individual finds the wellsprings of satisfying those necessities. At point C, he connects with or spurs himself to accomplish errands to satisfy his needs. At point D, when he accomplishes his objective, new needs or varieties of those unique needs will be

Earth Simulator Essays

Earth Simulator Essays Earth Simulator Essay Earth Simulator Essay Earth Simulator Center Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) Earth Environment System Today’s talk What is the Earth Simulator ? Blessing from the Earth Simulator †High goals reenactment Impact †Synoptic scale sway Heat wave †¦ Silk Road Patterns †Cloud resolve-Synoptic scale extreams Typhoon †¦ multi-scale reproductions †Climate change projection Global Warming †¦ add to IPCC report †Solid earth recreation Earth quark †¦ Wave Propergation guaging †Aurora circular segment reproduction Toward cutting edge reproduction strategy Next stream in future The Earth Simulator ? Advancement of ES began in 1997 with the point of making a far reaching comprehension of worldwide ecological changes, for example, a dangerous atmospheric devation. ?The Kyoto Protocol was opened for signature on eleventh Dec. 1997. ? Created in Mar. 2002 by STA (MEXT) and NEC with 400 M$ speculation. ?Undertaking had been emphatically advanced under Dr. Miyoshi’s course. (Dr. Miyoshi: Passed away in Nov. 2001. ) ? Its development was finished toward the finish of February, 2002 . ?The activity began from March 2002 at the Earth Simulator Center in Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC). Computenik news in New York TImes , first prize in Top 500 from 2002-2004†¦.. (still)14th in Top 500 today. Earth Simulator ’s Impact on Society Mission of the Earth Simulator Projects ENVIRONMENT Protection of lives and properties from catastrophic events and natural obliteration INDUSTRY Huge cost decrease in creative innovation advancement which requires huge speculations SCIENCE EARTH SIMULATOR Development of inventive research instruments joining farfrom-balance, nonlinear and open frameworks HUMAN Paradigm move to worldwide, future-arranged perspective Location of Earth Simulator Facilities TokyoEarth Simulator Site The Earth Simulator Hard Disk Process Nodes Tape Archive System Connection Network Air Conditioning 65m Power Supply 50m Free Access Floor The Earth Simulator Hard Disk Process Nodes Tape Archive System Connection Network Air Conditioning 65m Power Supply 50m Free Access Floor The Earth Simulator Hard Disk Process Nodes Tape Archive System Connection Network Air Conditioning 65m Power Supply 50m Free Access Floor The Earth Simulator Hard Disk Process Nodes Tape Archive System Connection Network Air Conditioning 65m Power Supply 50m Free Access Floor The Earth Simulator Hard Disk Process NodesTape Archive System Connection Network Air Conditioning 65m Power Supply 50m Free Access Floor The Earth Simulator Hard Disk Process Nodes Tape Archive System Connection Network Air Conditioning 65m Power Supply 50m Free Access Floor The Earth Simulator Hard Disk Process Nodes Tape Archive Sy stem Connection Network Air Conditioning 65m Power Supply 50m Free Access Floor Earth Simulator Building Peak Performance : 40 TFlops Main Memory : 10 TBytes Magnetic Disk Tape : 2. 5 PBytes 640 processor hubs Magnetic Disks Connect Network 65m Power Supply Air-Conditioning Base-Isolation 50m Configuration of the Earth Simulator Peak execution/AP Peak execution/PN Shared memory/PN : 8Gflops : 64Gflops : 16GB Total number of APs : 5120 Total number of PNs : 640 Total pinnacle execution : 40Tflops Total primary memory : 10TB Interconnection Network (full crossbar switch) Shared Memory 16GB Arithmetic Processor #1 Arithmetic Processor #7 Arithmetic Processor #0 Shared Memory 16GB Arithmetic Processor #0 Arithmetic Processor #7 Arithmetic Processor #1 Shared Memory 16GB Arithmetic Processor #0 Arithmetic Processor #1 Arithmetic Processor #7 Processor Node #0 Processor Node #1 Processor Node #639 Mass Data Processing System (MDPS): 2. 5PBNetwork System Yokohama Institute-Network SuperSIN ET October, 2004 ES-Network Ferry System FTP MDPS Server MDPS Graphic WS BRAVE Data Handling WS Login Server ES-LAN Earth Simulator Allocation of ES assets for 2006 Strategic Project Earth Science Climate Change Solid Earth Natural Disasters International collaboration Industrial application and so on Innovative Project Space and Astrophysics Government Project IPCC Contribution and so forth Computer Science Next Generation Algorithm Next Generation Architecture Next Generation Programming Language Atomic Energy CFD Application Nano Technology BioChemistry and so forth International Cooperative Research USASCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Development of high goals reanalysis information THE Center NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCH SCIENTIFIQUE (CNRS) THE INSTITUT FRANCAIS DE RECHERCHE POUR LEXPLOITATIOAN DE LA MER (IFREMER) Impact of convective framework in central territory of sea RECHERCH PREVISION NUMERIQUE, METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE OF CANADA (PRN/MSC) Ultra high goals recreation of Hurricane Earl ITALIAN AEROSPACE RESEARCH CENTER (CIRA) [emailprotected]@[emailprotected]@[emailprotected]@[emailprotected]@[emailprotected] High goals climate determining in Italia-Alps locale A @ A @ A FOR A @ A @ ATMOSPHERIC A @ NERC [emailprotected] A @GLOBAL A @ A @ A @ A @MODELLING (NCAS) METOFFICE, HADLEY Center FOR CLIMATE PREDICTION AND RESEARCH A @ A @ rance [emailprotected] F [emailprotected] Canada [emailprotected]@ Italy [emailprotected] UK USA [emailprotected] USA NATIONAL ENERGY RESEARCH SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING (NERSC) CENTER AT LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATIONAL LABORATORY Estimation of HPC THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN Validation and Estimation of High execution Computing Advanced Visualization Method for tera-nibble scale information DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY GEOPHYSICS, UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA THE INTERNATIONAL ARCTIC RESEARCH CENTER (IARC) OF THE (DGG/UMN) Advanced Visualization Method for tera-chomp scale information UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA FAIR BANKS Development of cutting edge polar area odeling A @ A @ A @ A @ A @ INSTITUTE OF HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING [emailprotected] Development of cutting edge computational techniques Singapore [emailprotected]@ [emailprotected] NATIONAL APPLIED RESEARCH LABORATORIES [emailprotected] High goals climate anticipating demonstrating Impact of Ultra High Resolution Simulation for Global Atmosphere Global Ocean Typhoon Simulation 300 km versus 10 km Horizontal goals: 300 km Horizontal goals: 10 km Comparison of the Kuroshio Current 100 km versus 10 km level goals: 100 km Horizontal goals: 10 km A Global Atmospheric Circulation Simulation with a flat goals of 10 kmA Global Oceanic Circulation Simulation with an even goals of 10 km Antarctic Flow Simulation 10km goals in the level Synoptic scale sway Heat wave †¦ Silk Road Patterns Temperaturedistribution on July 20, 2004 Hydrostatic AGCM:AFES Simulation Observation Japan Meteorological Agency High Pressure improvement coming about beca use of wandering Westerly Silk Road Pattern Impact of Cloud settling scale †Synoptic scale Simulation NASA O(1000)km NASA O(1000)km O(100)m NASA O(1000)km O(100)m NASA How solid will be extream under Global Warming ? Cloud Effect and Weather/ClimateCloud Effect and Weather/Climate About 10km O(100)m Cloud Effect and Weather/Climate O(1000)km About 10km O(100)m Cloud Effect and Weather/Climate O(1000)km About 10km O(100)m Not just effect on extream yet in addition to environmental change through radiation forms Scientific Gland Challenge Impact of Cloud Scale Weather Synoptic Scale Climate Change Requirements: Long Integration with Ultra High Resolution + Various segments e. g. Environment Ocean Interaction (in any event) Multi-Scale Simulator for Geoenvironment (MSSG) Scalability Days Weeks Prediction 1 5km for flat 100 vertical layersLocal overwhelming Rain Prediction, and so on. Occasional Annual Prediction 5-40 km for level, 100 vertical layers Urban Weather/Climate Predicti on 10m 2km for flat, 200 vertical layers Data: Geographical Survey Institute 5 Days Forecasting of Typhoon 10 of 2003 MSSG, non-hydrostatic Global Ocean-Atmosphere Coupled Simulation Horizontal goals km Vertical goals layers 2. 7 72 Typhoon ETAU Sea Surface Temperature after Typhoon 11 following JAXA eorc. nasda. go. jp/imgdata/subjects/2005/tp050922. html 2005 Aqua, NASA Sea Surface temperature arrived at the midpoint of for 5 days(24th August 28th August)Sea Surface Temperature after Typhoon 11 following JAXA eorc. nasda. go. jp/imgdata/subjects/2005/tp050922. html 2005 Aqua, NASA Sea Surface temperature arrived at the midpoint of for 5 days(24th August 28th August) Rainfall Prediction related with Typhoon 10 Global with 5. 5 km goals Observation: Nested with 1. 15 km goals Global Warming Global Warming Simulation for IPCC AR4 CREAPI (Japan) and NCAR: National Center of Atmospheric Research (USA) A1B 750ppm:const Overshoot B1 550ppm:const ?A1B senario†¦ progressively up ? ove rshooting senario step by step down and constantChange of Precipitation in Summer Season under Global Warming Center for Climate System Research (CCSR), University of Tokyo National Institute of Environment System (NIES) Frontier Research System Center (JAMSTEC) expanded 2005 70 2075 The quantity of blistering days will be expanded diminished After a long time from now, Averaged precipitation will be expanding. 2. 5 Global arrived at the midpoint of temperature will be up of 2. 5 2005 70 2075 Heavy precipitation will be expanding Earthquake Tokyo underneath M7 Earthquake Prof. Furumura ( Univ. Tokyo) Kumagaya Shinjuku 80 Kumagay a Shinjuku Shinnjuku 30 30Seismic wave spread Intensity 100 cm rough Domain 85km 90km 102km Resolution:50m 6. 3G networks) Crust sedimentary and rough CPU hour sedimentary Formation of aurora circular segments acquired by recreation from the satellite starting from the earliest stage Sun-Magnetosphere-Ionosphere cooperation) SUN Micro-unsteadiness Solar Wind m

The Iron Heel Study Guide

The Iron Heel Study Guide The Iron Heelâ is an early tragic novel distributed in 1908 by Jack London. London is most popular for his man-against-nature books like The Call of the Wild and White Fang, so The Iron Heelâ is oftenâ considered a takeoff from his standard output.â The Iron Heelâ is composed from the primary individual viewpoint of a female hero, andâ it incorporates aâ presentation of London’s communist political standards, the two of which were abnormal for now is the ideal time. The book tends to Londons conviction that unionized work and communist political developments would adapt to the situation the conventional industrialist power base. Later scholars, for example, George Orwell regularly expressly notice The Iron Heel as an effect on their own works. Plot The epic starts with a foreword composed by Anthony Meredith in the 419 BOM (Brotherhood of Man), roughly the 27th century. Meredith talks about the Everhard Manuscript as an authentic report, made by Avis Everhard and portraying the occasions of 1912 through 1932. Meredith cautions that the composition is loaded with mistakes of certainty, however demands its incentive as a firsthand record of those â€Å"terrible times.† Meredith noticed that the original copy, composed by Avis Everhard, can't be viewed as target since she is expounding on her own better half and was herself excessively near the occasions to have objectivity. In the Everhard Manuscript appropriate, Avis depicts meeting her future spouse, communist lobbyist Ernest Everhard. She discovers him ineffectively prepared, pretentious, and disturbing. Ernest contends that the American arrangement of financial aspects depends on the maltreatment and poor treatment (at the end of the day, the misuse) of work, and that the normal specialists who prop everything up endure horribly. Avis at first doesn't concur, yet later she leads her own examination of Ernest’s guarantees and is stunned to find sheâ agrees with his evaluation. As Avis turns out to be near Ernest, her dad and a family companion (Dr. John Cunningham and Bishop Moorehouse) likewise start to concur with his thoughts. Every one of the four key characters start to work for the communist causes. Accordingly, the oligarchs who own and run the nation under the pretense of free enterprise and majority rule government move to destroy them all. Dr. Cunningham loses his showing employment and his home. Religious administrator Moorehouse is seen as clinically crazy and is focused on a haven. Ernest wins political race as a Representative in Congress, yet is encircled as a plotter in a fear monger plot and is sent to jail, alongside Avis. Avis is discharged a few months after the fact, trailed by Ernest. The two escape into stowing away and start plotting an upheaval. Before move can be made, the administration and oligarchs-which Ernest by and large calls The Iron Heel-structure a private armed force, legitimized by the feeble government. This private armed force gets under way a bogus banner uproar in Chicago. The private armed force, called the Mercenaries, savagely pulverizes the uproar, murdering numerous and utilizing ruthless strategies. Minister Moorehouse, got away from imprisonment, is slaughtered in the mob. Toward the finish of the novel, Avis expounds hopefully on the designs for a second uprising that Ernest is sure will succeed. In any case, as the peruser knows from Meredith’s forward, this subsequent uprising will fizzle, and The Iron Heel will run the nation for a considerable length of time until the last upset that shapes the Brotherhood of Man. The original copy closes unexpectedly, and Meredith clarifies that Avis Everhard concealed the book since she realized she was going to be captured. Significant Characters Anthony Meredith. A student of history from the far future, perusing and making notes on the alleged Everhard Manuscript. He is stooping and high and mighty towards Avis and frequently adjusts her; be that as it may, his comments uncover his restricted comprehension of the mid 20thâ century time that he examines. The readerâ gets to know Meredith principally through his marginalia, which adds detail and setting to the novel. Avis Everhard. Bornâ into riches, Avis is at first pretentious of the predicament of the regular workers. Through the span of her original copy, be that as it may, she considers her to be self as gullible and immature, and she turns into a furious defender of upheaval. There is proof that Avis isn't totally solid and that her center perspectives have not so much transformed; she frequently utilizes insolent language to depict the average workers even as she is communicating in the language of transformation. Ernest Everhard. An enthusiastic adherent to communism, Ernest is demonstrated to be wise, truly ground-breaking, and a brave open speaker. Meredith infers that Ernest Everhard was only one of many key individuals in the beginning of the transformation, recommending that Avis mayâ be romanticizing Ernest all through her original copy. Most pundits trust Ernest speaks to London himself and his center convictions. Dr. John Cunningham. Avis’ father, a praised scholarly and researcher. He is at first a supporter of business as usual, however gradually becomes persuaded of Ernest’s cause. He loses his status in the public eye subsequently and later vanishes; Avis suspects he is hijacked by the legislature. Cleric Moorehouse. A clergyman who experiences a comparative change in viewsâ as Dr. Cunningham, in the long run giving his life in the push to oppose the government. Artistic Style The Iron Heel is a work of tragic fiction. Tragic fictionâ presents a universe that is at chances with the author’s convictions and mentalities; for this situation, the tragic viewpoint originates from a world run by entrepreneur oligarchs who misuse the regular workers, misuse poor people, and mercilessly decimate pundits. The epic is additionally viewed as a work of delicate sci-fi, on the grounds that in spite of the fact that it makes no notice of cutting edge innovation, it is revolved around a setting 700 years in front of the date of its structure. London utilized a progression of settled perspectives in the novel, each with an alternate degree ofâ reliability. On a superficial level is the casing story of Dr. Meredith, who composes from the future and looks at a work of authentic significance. He introduces himself as a confided in power, yet a portion of his editorial incorporates real mistakes about twentieth century history that would be clear to the peruser, which subverts his unwavering quality. The following perspective is that of Avis Everhard, the storyteller of the original copy that makes up the main part of the content of the novel. Her dependability comes into question when she infers that her announcements about her better half are abstract, just as when she offers apparently disdainful remarks about the political reason she affirms to help. At long last, the point of view of Ernest Everhard is given when his discourses are remembered for the content. These discourses appear to be dependable because of their in e xactly the same words nature, however Avis lack of quality makes the peruser less certain.â London additionally utilizes a procedure known as a bogus report: aâ fictional work that is introduced to the peruser as an authentic one. This pride permits London to add multifaceted nature to a novel that may some way or another be a clear political tract. The Iron Heelâ contains two interlaced, multilayered bogus documents (Avis’ composition and Meredith’s gleam on that original copy). This mix a mind boggling secret concerning whose viewpoint is nearest to reality. Jack London was charged a few times through the span of his profession with unoriginality. Part 7 of The Iron Heel, The Bishop’s Vision, is a paper composed by Frank Harris. London didn't deny that heâ copied the discourse verbatim, however he asserted that he trusted it was a discourse conveyed by a real cleric. Key Quotes â€Å"It is far simpler to see courageous men kick the bucket than to hear a quitter ask for life.† - Avis Everhardâ€Å"No man can be mentally offended. Affront, in its very nature, is emotional.† - Ernest Everhardâ€Å"Times have changed since Christs day. A rich man to-day who gives all he has to the poor is insane. There is no conversation. Society has spoken.† - Ernest Everhard Iron Heel Fast Facts Title: Iron HeelAuthor: Jack LondonDate Published: 1908Publisher: MacmillanLiterary Genre: Dystopian Science FictionLanguage: EnglishThemes: Socialism and social revolution.Characters: Anthony Meredith, Avis Everhard, Ernest Everhard, John Cunningham, Bishop Moorehouse.

What is the Best Way to Present My Presentation For Me?

What is the Best Way to Present My Presentation For Me?What's the best way to present my presentation for me? This is a common question I get asked all the time. It's one of the most important questions to ask, because it will allow you to know what is happening around you so that you can make adjustments to your presentation.Let's start by asking yourself about your current situation. Are you happy with it or unhappy with it? If you are happy with your current situation, your goal is to be able to present your presentation to a better audience.If you are not, the first thing you need to do is change your presentation. In other words, do something about it. One way to accomplish this is to take some action and achieve a good result.You can do this by taking some professional development courses or by simply spending some time on research. Of course, the thing is to be able to identify what you need to learn before you go and take the classes. But once you have done this, the learning can take place.One great advantage of these types of courses is that they will not just teach you the basics of a presentation. It will teach you how to market your presentation. This means that when you are presenting you will be able to take advantage of the learning process that you are doing in the classroom.Do you think you will be able to find someone who will help you with this type of presentation? No. But you should look for some people who will show you how to market your presentation. In other words, you will be able to sell your presentation more effectively.If you are going to sell your presentation, then you want to know how to sell it. Since your presentation is already helping a lot of people, you want to be able to market it. Once you have learned how to market your presentation, you can stop worrying about what is going to happen during your presentation. And if you don't get any feedback, this means that you did a good job!Remember that your presentation is very important and that you want to get feedback. So, you want to learn how to market your presentation. The better you know how to market your presentation, the more people will want to see your presentation.

The Best Undergraduate Creative Writing Programs TKG

The Best Undergraduate Creative Writing Programs If you’ve worked with us, are working with us, or have read any of our sample college essays, you should know by now that we are big fans of creative writing. But if you’re thinking about majoring or minoring in creative writing in college, there are a few things that you should know first. Creative writing programs are competitive and sometimes cutthroat. Small workshops are the foundation of a positive creative writing experience, but that also means fewer seats are available - sometimes as few as 6 for a high-level course.Many creative writing programs require students to apply for the courses by submitting thick manuscripts of creative work (i.e. not essays from other classes) for teachers to review before accepting you into their class. This also makes workshop admission subjective. You may not get in just because a teacher isn’t really vibing your style. It’s a tough process, and one where everyone starts at the bottom and has to fight all of the way through, but writin g is a tough business. Taking critiques and handling rejection are at the core of a career as a writer, so you might as well start learning it in college, right?  If you’re passionate about writing, committed to honing your craft, and have the guts to keep going, read on for our top 10 undergraduate creative writing programs in the US, and then a few hidden gems that we think deserve an honorable mention.Top 10 Creative Writing Programs Columbia University New York, NYAcceptance Rate: 6%Columbia University’s creative writing program comes with a reputation for excellence. It is one of the few creative writing programs in the country to have its own dedicated department and alumni of the university include multiple Pulitzer Prize winners, Poet Laureates, and people like Eudora Welty, Jack Kerouac, Langston Hughes, and Allen Ginsberg. The major is workshop and seminar-centric, with no requirements outside of writing intensive classes, and you can get through the whole major witho ut taking a literature or English class outside of Columbia’s core curriculum. Students can submit to Quarto, the literary magazine which has featured greats such as J.D. Salinger, and the proximity to their top-ranked MFA program and the Journalism School means the faculty is always top-notch.Emory UniversityAtlanta, GAAcceptance Rate: 25%Any list of the best undergraduate creative writing programs has Emory near the top. If it doesn’t, don’t trust the people who made it. Emory’s program is world-renowned and, at 26 years old, is well established within the university. A combination of workshop-style courses and traditional critical analysis and reading make for a diverse experience and students can focus in poetry, fiction, creative nonfiction, playwriting, and even screenwriting.Washington University in St. LouisSt. Louis, MissouriAcceptance Rate: 16%While the Washington University in St. Louis creative writing program is housed within the English department and is a conc entration available within the English major, it’s strong enough to hang with the best of them. Teaching staff, including MFA Faculty, focus on helping students become better consumers of literature, as well as better producers of literature. There are numerous on-campus literary publications that undergraduate students can contribute to and brave writers can read their work at the biannual Pushmower Series.Princeton UniversityPrinceton, NJ Acceptance Rate: 6.5%Princeton is a great school regardless of major, but their creative writing program is especially well-suited for those interested in short prose forms and poetry. Students take part in intimate workshops and select seniors get to work individually with faculty like Pulitzer Prize-winning poet Paul Muldoon, Joyce Carol Oates, and Jeffrey Eugenides to create a thesis project. These projects are serious, and it’s not rare for a student to end up with a novel, screenplay, or book of poems. For students who don’t go the the sis route, there’s always Biennial Princeton Poetry Festival to look forward to.Middlebury College Middlebury, VT Acceptance Rate: 19.7%Housed within the English and American Literatures Major, Middlebury’s creative writing program offers more than 20 different courses each year. Instructors include award-winning authors Julia Alvarez and Jay Parini and all of the faculty are published writers working in the field. Uniquely, students start with an introductory workshop that is comprehensive, allowing them to try out poetry, fiction, and nonfiction in one course before committing to a specialization. Select students are able to attend the summer Bread Loaf Writers’ Conference, but all are welcome to contribute to campus publications including The Campus, Artemis, and Otter Creek Journal, a journal focused on environmental writing.Emerson CollegeBoston, MA Acceptance Rate: 49%In addition to a Bachelor’s in Writing, Literature, and Publishing, Emerson offers undergraduates the opportunity to earn a BFA through their Creative Writing Program. Ending with a final thesis, the BFA offers truly ambitious writers the opportunity to work on a major project as part of their coursework. The Emerson creative writing faculty is stocked with fantastic talent and the campus is home to nationally-renowned publications Ploughshares and Redivider. If journalism is more your style, they’ve got that too.Cornell UniversityIthaca, NY Acceptance Rate: 14%With alumni like Toni Morrison, E.B. White, and Kurt Vonnegut, it shouldn’t come as a shock that Cornell has a great writing program. A minor within the Department of English, students of creative writing develop their own course of study with their advisor, allowing for maximum flexibility to fit almost any interest. Cornell is focused on fiction and poetry, but they combine the study of literature with creative writing courses to create a holistic educational program for any passionate writer. Scholarships are available for writers who show special promise.Hamilton College Clinton, NY Acceptance Rate: 26%Hamilton’s renowned writing center is home to a creative writing program that has produced alumni that have gone on to, among other things, head up the creative and communications arms of national companies, including a President of Scholastic Media. With concentrations in poetry, fiction, creative nonfiction, and playwriting, the Hamilton program focuses on cultivating the human imagination while emphasizing the beauty and complexity of language.Bucknell University Lewisburg, PAAcceptance Rate: 30%Part of the Bucknell English Department, the creative writing program is especially known for it’s poetry focus, and the Stadler Center for Poetry ensures that they’ll remain heavyweights for a long time. The Annual Bucknell Seminar for Undergraduate Poets offers 10 Fellowships to current students who take part in a 3-week summer intensive, and the writers in residence program ensures that there a re stellar minds and brilliant writers on campus throughout the year. The creative writing program at Bucknell may be most well-known for it’s poetry track, but their vocal emphasis on gaining exposure for a diverse set of voices also sets them apart.Kenyon College Gambier, OhioAcceptance Rate: 26%Creative writing classes at Kenyon are highly-selective and intro courses can be tough to get into, but students say that it’s worth the effort. English majors with an Emphasis in Creative Writing rave about the intimate workshops and engaged faculty. Students are able to submit The Kenyon Review, a world-class literary publication, and have access to the annual The Kenyon Review Young Writer’s Workshop, an 8-day intensive.Hidden Gems MITCambridge, MA Acceptance Rate: 7%We know, MIT for creative writing? We’re serious though. Your first thought when you hear MIT may be engineering, but this school is great at more than computer programming and robotics. In addition to the tradition al options of fiction, poetry, or nonfiction prose, MIT offers majors in Science Writing, designed for those interested in science journalism, and Digital Media, which focuses on the interactive and nonlinear narrative structures that are made accessible through digital publication.University of VirginiaCharlottesville, VAAcceptance Rate: 27%With two creative writing concentrations for English majors, poetry and prose (fiction and nonfiction), the University of Virginia creative writing program might not seem like much, but it’s strong link to the University’s MFA program and the accessibility of Charlottesville, a lively creative writing community, make it one of our favorite hidden gems. Students can also take part in independent studies, transforming their work into a ready-to-publish manuscript.Colorado College Colorado Springs, CO Acceptance Rate: 15.8%Colorado College is known for their block system, and that’s exactly why we think it’s a stellar place for creative wri ting students. The block program facilitates deep immersion and their multi-level program within the English major is designed to create strong and creative writers.Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MarylandAcceptance Rate: 12%If your goal is to follow-up an undergraduate degree with a Masters of Fine Arts in Creative Writing, Johns Hopkins may be the perfect place for you. Students who concentrate in creative writing through their Writing Seminars program can focus on fiction or poetry, and are expected to excel across disciplines. For example, requirements include competency in a foreign language. By the end of the program, students have created a portfolio of work that meets the standards for application to a top MFA program.If you want to get into a top creative writing program drop us a line. We’ll help you get there.

Employees motivation - Free Essay Example

Money, motivation and performance EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report aims to evaluate the statement: ‘the way to motivate employees is to pay them as much as they want. It will review through several researches and counterpoints of money and motivating factors. By discussing and evaluating them, the report would have its approach to different perspectives on employees motivation and performance. The findings discovered different points and counter points on money as a motivation factor. These points also lead to different motivation theories which are the Maslow hierarchy of needs theory, the two factors theory, and the equity theory. Firstly, money seems to be the most important factor in motivating people. After a few decades, as the economy have its transformation and more studies and theories were conducted, the idea of motivating employees also altered by both businesses and scholars. However, none of these studies support the statement that paying employees as much as they want will motivate them to perform. It is clear that money has certain role motivating employees performance and influence in most of the studies of motivation. Different researches and different theories were developed on this field, but none of them support the idea of motivating employees by paying them â€Å"as much as they want†. It is more reasonable to set up the payment base on e mployees need, performance and equity than paying as much as employees want. 1 Introduction 1.1 Background Work performance can be defined as the level efficiency and effectiveness of a persons actions, while motivation can be described as a ‘driving force within individuals by which they attempt to achieve some goals in order to satisfy some need or expectations (Amaratunga Baldry, 2002, p. 328). From the past few decades employers have had a need to understand what motivates their employees to do their best work. It can be explained by the growing and more competitive economy, in which businesses try to get the best productivity from the human resources of their organisation (Wiley, 1997). Follow (Amaratunga Baldry, 2002), the report would assume performance as motivational determinant because of the essential influence of motivation on performance. 1.2 Aim The purpose of this report is to discuss about employees motivation. Focusing on the financial factors, it will reveal whether paying employees as much as they want will motivate them to perform. In addition, the report would discuss on different motivation theories. 1.3 Scope It firstly discusses about studies that identify money as a motivation factor, and then evaluates the counterpoints. Additionally report will go over different motivational theories that regard to money. These theories will display different perspective of money as a motivating factor. 2 Motivation-performance 2.1 Money as a motivational factor There have been numerous surveys revealed that money is one of the top factors that motivate people in the past few decades. Wiley (1997) reviewed that 40 years of motivation surveys in the U.S showed number one of the top five motivational factors ranked by the respondents is good wages. The analysis additionally concluded that pay or good wages is valued by all employees regardless of their gender, occupation, and income or employment status. The analysis also explained money ability to satisfy needs of various levels on Maslows Hierarchy of needs (section 2.3.1). Money allow people to purchasing items not only to satisfy their psychological and safety need such as food or shelter, but also cover higher-order needs such as the need of esteem. On the other side of the Atlantic Series of research on Europeans business during the 1980s and 1990s that detected a strong relationship between performance and pay. From Institute of Personnel and Development (1998), cited in Brown Armstrong (1999), 74% of employees responded to improve their performance after the business using the performance-related pay (Brown Armstrong, 1999). Both studies revised that money certainly is the motivation factor, but it appeared that money motivate employees more by satisfied what they need, not by paying the ammount that they want. 2.2 Counterpoints Eventhough the importance of money is undeniable as a motivating factor. There are also several researches questioning the role of a good wage. In (Wiley, 1997) the survey â€Å"factors that motivate me† in 1992 revealed that most people see money as the main motivation for their work. But also there are two groups that did not rank money as their first in their 1992 survey: the high income group (50000$) and group of ages over 55. The group of high income employees rank good wage as their fifth most motivated factor, while the group of ages over 55 rank good wages as their second most important factors. Although the article did not discuss much about these two groups because of the insignificant difference of data in the analysis, there seems to be a trace that employees motivating factors were changing regard to the economy and especially employees income. Average income of the United States, from 1992, at the time the survey reviewed by Wiley, (1997) has significantly changed. According to (Saez, 2004) average income (including capital gain) of the U.S at the time of 1992 was 42 940 USD, but in 2004 it increased to 50820 USD. The data show that if the survey in 1992 classified employees who have their wages more than 50 000 USD as â€Å"high income†, then in 2004 the same wage of 50 000 USD would be considered â€Å"average income† (see figure 1). The change of income appeared to effect employees view of motivation factors. Herzberg ( 2003) confirmed a change of how employees are motivated from the previous decades. The research presents the factor of good salary only contribute less than 8% to job satisfaction while a bad salary cause about 10% to job dissatisfaction (see figure 2). The article concluded salary was one of the Hygiene Factors, which contribute more as job dissatisfaction factor. It is always important for employers to understand that employees also need other motivation besides a good wage. 2.3 Motivation theories and money 2.3.1 The Maslows hierarchy of needs theory The theory was used to explain the result of the 1992 survey in Wiley( 1997). Maslow theorized that every human being has five needs: Physiological needs, Safety needs, Social needs, Esteem needs, and self-actualisation needs (Rossiter, 2009). Wiley(1997), conluded that the ability of money covers from the level of physiological needs to esteem needs. * Physiological needs: these needs relate to life necessity such as food, shelter, and clothing. These needs can be satisfied mostly with money earn from work * Safety needs: these need not only describe the context without physical danger, but also include a general comfort and security. These needs can be also be assure by a regular pay check; * Social needs: these needs include human needs of relationship and acceptance. In this level of needs, money appeared to play a more supporting and less tangible role of purchased items than the main factor compare to physiological and safety need * Esteem needs: these need involv e with respect and admiration. In this level of needs, money contributes by purchasing high value items, and being recognised by its value of pride more than financial value. * Self-actualisation needs: these need include self-improvement, growth, and achievement. The theory identified the role of a good wage is to satisfy various needs, but there was none recommendation that employees should be paid as they want. Even though the theory had no support and was not considered as a contemporary theory, it is wide known and remained popular because of its simplicity and certain application in psychology and business study (Robbins et al, 2008). 2.3.2 Two-factor theory Mentioned as a counterpoint to the view of money motivating factor in the previous 2.2 section, Herzberg (2003), not only contributed research on motivational factor, the article also proposed the Two-factor theory. The theory suggested a separation between the factors that cause job satisfaction from those factors that create job dissatisfaction. In other words, the data suggest that opposite with â€Å"satisfaction† is not â€Å"dissatisfaction† but â€Å"no satisfaction† and therefore opposite of â€Å"dissatisfaction† is not satisfaction but â€Å"no dissatisfaction†. The theory also characterised various work factors into two groups: hygiene factors and intrinsic motivators (see figure 2). * The hygiene factors, such as administration, salary and work condition, is considered is to make employees work more comfortable, rather than motivate them * Motivators are the factors that really motivate employees, such as achievement, recognition and the work itself. As mentioned in the previous section, salary was measured as a hygiene factor, which means that a bad wage causes job dissatisfaction, while a good wage rather comforts the employees than motivates them. Paying as much as an employee wants, according to the theory, will not motivate employees to perform. Additionally, Herzberg, in his study, recommended motivating employees with job enrichment. He stated at the beginning of the study â€Å"Forget praise. Forget punishment. Forget cash. You need to make their jobs more interesting† (Herzberg, 2003). Like Maslows theory, Herzberg studies was not supported and considered a contemporary theory of work motivation. Despite all criticisms, the theory is well-known and has great influence to business managers and scholars. (Robbins et al, 2001) 2.3.3 Equity theory A more contemporary and pay-related theory developed by Stacy Adams, in general, the theory believe that individuals motivations are provided by the inequity between their job inputs(effort, experience, education, and competence) and outcomes ( salary levels, raises, recognition) with others. Employees can compare themselves to friends, co-worker, neighbours, or past job and position they have. Those comparisons can be grouped into four types 1. Self-inside: the comparison between different position inside ones organisation 2. Self-outside: the comparison between positions outside ones organisation 3. Other-inside: the comparison to another individual or group inside ones organisation 4. Other-outside: the comparison to another individual or group outside ones organisation When employees recognised inequity, the theory predicts they could make six choices: 1. Change their inputs 2. Change their outcomes 3. Change perceptions of self 4. Change perception o f others 5. Choose a different referent 6. Leave the field. Regard to payment, the theory also proposed: * Given payment by time, over-rewarded employees will produce more than fairly paid employees. Hourly and salaried employees tend to increase their input side to bring back equity with the increased outcome * Given payment by time, under-rewarded employees will produce less or poorer output. Hourly and salaried employees tend to decrease their input to create equity with the decreased outcome. * Given payment by quantity of production, over-reward employees will produce quantity but more quality work unit. * Given payment by quantity of production, under-reward employees will produce more quantity but less quality work unit. The theory concluded that for most employees, motivation is influenced by reward. It is important for employee not only how much a business pay for him or her, but also the amount other employees got paid. It also suggested that money has symbolic value in addition to its financial values. Both under-paying and over-paying will have certain effect o n employers performance (Robbins et al, 2001). The theory generally recommended the motivating amount of payment should base on equity, not as much as employees want. .Even though the theory had been developed originally decades ago; it is stilled validated by different researches despite the changing social and economic values (Shore, 2004). 3 Conclusion Different perspectives and concepts about money and motivation have been developed during last couple of decades. In regards to the changing economy, more and larger study on the field of organisational work motivation was conducted. Answering the question: whether paying employees as much as they want would motivate them to perform? This report suggests ‘no. After reviewing several studies and theory, the report recommend that in order to get better performance from employees, their payment should be based on employees need, performance, and equity rather than paying employees â€Å"as much as they want†. References Amaratunga, D., Baldry, D. 2002. Performance measurment in facililities management and its relationships with management theory and motivation. Volume:20 Issue:10 , pp. 327-336.Retreived from Emerald database Brown, D., Armstrong, M. 1999. Paying for contribution. London: Kogan Page Limited. Herzberg, F. 2003. One More Time: How Do You Motivate Employees? Issue of January 2003 , pp. 1-10. Robbins, S., Judge, T., Millet, B., Waters-Marsh, T. 2008 Organisational Behaviour. French Forest: Pearson. Robbins, S., Millett, B., Cacioppe, R., Waters-Marsh, T. 2001. Organisational Behavior. French Forest: Pearson. Rossiter, A. P. 2009. Why We Work: Maslow on the job. Vol. 105, Iss. 2 , p. 60. Retreived from Proquest database Saez, E. 2004. Average Income of The U.S from 1914 to 2004. Retrieved 2009, from https://elsa.berkeley.edu/~saez/TabFig2006.xls Shore, T. H. 2004. Equity sensitivity theory: Do we all want more than we deserve? Vol: 19; Iss: 7 , pp. 722 728. Ret reived from Emerald database Wiley, C. 1997. What motivates employees according to over 40 years of motivation surveys. Volume:18 Issue:3 , pp. 263-280. Retreived from Emerald database

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